Indonesia, as one of the countries with extraordinary biodiversity and wildlife, faces serious threats to the preservation of its rich natural heritage. According to the IUCN 2021 report, Indonesia has 170 plant species and 189 animal species that are critically endangered, including 26 mammal species. The main threats that cause the decline of biodiversity and wildlife in Indonesia include land and water use change, overexploitation, species invasion and disease, pollution, and climate change. These threats not only endanger the survival of wildlife, but also disrupt the balance of ecosystems and human well-being.

The situation in Indonesia reflects the global crisis in biodiversity and wildlife. Globally, there are 37,400 species that face extinction, with the main threats such as climate change, hunting and illegal trade, land use change, pollution, and species invasion and disease. If not addressed immediately, the decline of biodiversity and wildlife can cause mass extinction and irreversible ecosystem damage.